Reference. Formal metatheory of second-order abstract syntax

Despite extensive research both on the theoretical and practical fronts, formalising, reasoning about, and implementing languages with variable binding is still a daunting endeavour – repetitive boilerplate and the overly complicated metatheory of capture-avoiding substitution often get in the way of progressing on to the actually interesting properties of a language. Existing developments offer some relief, however at the expense of inconvenient and error-prone term encodings and lack of formal foundations. We present a mathematically-inspired language-formalisation framework implemented in Agda. The system translates the description of a syntax signature with variable-binding operators into an intrinsically-encoded, inductive data type equipped with syntactic operations such as weakening and substitution, along with their correctness properties. The generated metatheory further incorporates metavariables and their associated operation of metasubstitution, which enables second-order equational/rewriting reasoning. The underlying mathematical foundation of the framework – initial algebra semantics – derives compositional interpretations of languages into their models satisfying the semantic substitution lemma by construction.

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@article{fiore-2022-formal, title={Formal metatheory of second-order abstract syntax}, volume={6}, ISSN={2475-1421}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3498715}, DOI={10.1145/3498715}, number={POPL}, journal={Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages}, publisher={Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)}, author={Fiore, Marcelo and Szamozvancev, Dmitrij}, year={2022}, month=Jan, pages={1–29} }
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fiore-2022-formal:
  type: article
  title: Formal metatheory of second-order abstract syntax
  author:
  - Fiore, Marcelo
  - Szamozvancev, Dmitrij
  date: 2022-01
  page-range: 1-29
  url: http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3498715
  serial-number:
    doi: 10.1145/3498715
    issn: 2475-1421
  parent:
    type: periodical
    title: Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages
    publisher: Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)
    issue: POPL
    volume: 6
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Notions of computation can be modelled by monads. Algebraic effects offer a characterization of monads in terms of algebraic operations and equational axioms, where operations are basic programming features, such as reading or updating the state, and axioms specify observably equivalent expressions. However, many useful programming features depend on additional mechanisms such as delimited scopes or dynamically allocated resources. Such mechanisms can be supported via extensions to algebraic effects including scoped effects and parameterized algebraic theories . We present a fresh perspective on scoped effects by translation into a variation of parameterized algebraic theories. The translation enables a new approach to equational reasoning for scoped effects and gives rise to an alternative characterization of monads in terms of generators and equations involving both scoped and algebraic operations. We demonstrate the power of our fresh perspective by way of equational characterizations of several known models of scoped effects.
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Modular Models of Monoids with Operations yang-2023-modular

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Semantic analysis of normalisation by evaluation for typed lambda calculus fiore-2022-semantic

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Cites 63 works (7 here)
With notes (7)

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Indexed containers altenkirch_indexed_2015

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Second-Order and Dependently-Sorted Abstract Syntax fiore-2008-second

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Higher-order abstract syntax pfenning-1988-higher

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Abstract syntax and variable binding fiore_etal_nd

We develop a theory of abstract syntax with variable binding. To every binding signature we associate a category of models consisting of variable sets endowed with compatible algebra and substitution structures. The syntax generated by the signature is the initial model. This gives a notion of initial algebra semantics encompassing the traditional one; besides compositionality, it automatically verifies the semantic substitution lemma.
DOI
External (56)
fiore-2022-formal reference entries/refs/fiore-2022-formal/fiore-2022-formal.hel